《医院药学》 八、常用药物的药代动力学参数参考表

药物名称消除速率常数k或β（hr-1）半衰期tl/2或tl/2β口服吸收（%）表现分布容积vb(mg/L)有效血浓度范围(mg/L)峰时tm(hr)蛋白结合率BP(%)消除率Cls[L/(hr.kg)]解离指数pKa乙基西梭霉素Nctilmicin0.3122.230.25-0.34-80.5-1.0(IM)0.78乙氧萘青霉素Nafillin1.390.50.280.5-1.0(IM)900.392.6(-COO-)乙胺丁醇Ethambutol0.1983.5301.871-102-4(PO400.37乙琥胺Ethosuximide成人50－60儿童30－50100成人0.62儿童0.6940-1002-4(PO900.025二氮嗪Diazoxid21-361000.290-950.005丁胺卡那霉素Amikacin0.283-0.3112-390－1000.2510-251.0(IM)0-200.069三氯乙醇Trichlorethanol4-80.60.5(PO400.07碘甲腺氯酸钠T33390－10070-1601-299.50.014万古霉素Vancomycin0.126-80.470.2(IV)100.047土霉素Cxytetracycline0.0696-960－801.91.0-10.01-3(PO)20-300.18双异丙吡胺Dicopyramide0.1544.5-770－1000.8-1.9总药浓度2－5游离药浓度0.5-20.5-310-80（与血药浓度有关）0.0015-0.0048.34双氯青霉素Dicloxacillin0.990.5-0.90.2915-181.0(IM)960.29水合氯醛Choral Hydrate4-80.6100.5(PO)400.07心得静Pondolol3-41002.00.05-0.151-30.4普萘洛尔（心得安）Porpranlolo3＞902.0-4.60.01-0.21-1.5(PO)90－950.79.5心得怡Sotalol5-1380－900.70.5-42-30.0549.8心得舒Alprenolol3＞903.30.03-0.10.5-1.0(PO)850.769.7对乙酰氨基酚Paracetamol2-485－1000.8-1.01-100.5-1.0(PO)250.21扑米酮Primidone成人6－8儿童5－880－900.66-152-4(PO20－30单独用药0.0309合并用药0.0739去甲丙咪嗪Desipramine10－2628－600.15-0.32-8(PO901.6910.2去甲金霉素Demethylchlortetracycline0.07-0.04310－1660－801－20.5-31-4(PO500.08去甲替林Nortrpytline2760200.05-0.164-9(PO)92－960.5丙咪嗪Imipramine8-1680-10020-400.15-0.50.5－1.0(PO)951.739.5丙基硫氧嘧啶Propylthiouracil2-4800.2-0.41.0(PO)750.078.3丙磺舒Probenecid6-181000.12-0.18100-2001-5(PO)85-950.013.4布洛芬Brufen20.150.5-1.5(PO)990.052左旋多巴Leayodopa320-30（吸收）0.5-48.2白霉素Leucomycin0.1394.5－5.52(PO)72苷珀酸Carbenoxolne13－160.11-2（空腹PO）饭后(PO)0.005甲硝唑Metronidazole6－1490-1000.6-0.75-201-2(PO)5-200.045可待因Codeine0.2312－4503.450.0251.0(PO)0.88.2戊巴比妥Pentobarbital21－4270-800.71-4初次用药6－18长期用药3760-700.0158.1卡马西平Carbamazepine成人10－30儿童8－1990-1000.8-1.44-121.0－2.0(IM)65-85成人初次用药0.011-0.026儿童初次用药0.028卡那霉素Kanamycin0.289-0.332-2.590-950.252-80.5-1.0(IM)1.0(PO)0.0777.2头孢氨苄（先锋霉素Ⅳ）Cephalexin0.6550.83-1.290-950.26G(+)
0.5-3G(-)1.0-1215min(IV)0.5-1.0(IM)10-150.185.3(-COOH-)7.3(-NH2)头孢匹林（先锋霉素Ⅶ）Cephapirin.1.1550.690-950.23G(+)
0.5-3G(-)1.0-1240-500.27头孢娄利定（先锋II）Cephaloridine0.621-1.590-950.25同上同上20
10-300.14头孢噻吩（先锋霉素I）Cephalothin1.40.5-1.090-950.25同上同上65
60-800.23头孢格来星（先锋霉素Ⅲ）Cenhaloglycin0.770.980-95G(+)
0.5-3G(-)1.0-1215min(IV)0.5-1.0IM244.7头孢唑啉（先锋霉素Ⅴ）Cepahzolin0.3851.4-2.290-950.15同上5.0-1.0(IM)5min(PO)75-850.0582.3头孢雷定（先锋霉素Ⅵ）Cepahzolin0.809-0.99440-50min90-950.25同上1.0(PO)5min(IV)5-200.23头孢曲（先锋Ⅶ）Cephacetrile0.4621.590-950.27G(+)
0.5-3G(-)1.0-121.0(PO)5min(IV)22.340.1251.97甲状腺素Thyroxine144-16890-950.1-0.20.03-0.0499.950.067甲氧苄胺嘧定Trimethoprim0.078-1220.5-121.5-3.3(PO)140.147.2甲氧苯青霉素Methicillin1.3860.5-10.3-0.421-0.5(IM)50
35-600.332.7甲基多巴Methyldopa0.3520.5>24(PO)0-200.172.2(-COOH)10.6(-NH)12.0(-OH)甲基多粘菌素0.1544050.51－2（IM）0.077甲烯土霉素Methacycline0.053310-1660-680.971.0-10.01－4(PO)－3(PO)700.052甲苯磺丁脲Tobutamide4-885-1000.1-0.1550-100980.0145.3对基水杨酸Para aminosalicylic acid0.770.9Sol:100混液：70片:900.230.6Na:盐0.5-1.0酸型3-4(PO)650.181.8(-NH)3.6(-COOH)四环素Tetracycline0.0996-1060-801-21.0-10.01-3(PO)25-300.138.3地高辛Digoxin0.01730-5050-936-100.0006-0.00181-2(PO)0.5-0.75250.14西梭霉素Sisomicin0.305-0.3472.0-2.50.25－0.34-80.75-1.0(IM)0-200.85灰黄霉素Griseofulyin8-2440-70（微晶型）1－20.3-1.32-4(PO)0.065华法令Warfarin0.01644
15-601000.11－102-8(PO)990.00194.8
5.0优降糖Glybenznyclamide5-20.12-6(PO)99-950.008多粘菌素B PolymyxinB0.163-80.5－4.02
(IM)